Iyini i-Aluminium Alloy?
Ingxubevange ye-aluminium iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali lapho ezinye izakhi zengezwa ku-aluminium ehlanzekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo, ngokuyinhloko ukwandisa amandla ayo. Lezi ezinye izakhi zihlanganisa insimbi, i-silicon, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-manganese ne-zinc emazingeni ahlangene angase enze amaphesenti angu-15 we-alloy ngesisindo. Ama-alloys anikezwa inombolo enezinombolo ezine, lapho idijithi yokuqala ikhomba isigaba esijwayelekile, noma uchungechunge, olubonakala ngezakhi zalo eziyinhloko ze-alloying.
I-Aluminium Ehlanzekile
1xxx uchungechunge
Ama-alloys ochungechunge lwe-1xxx aqukethe i-aluminium engamaphesenti angama-99 noma ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Lolu chungechunge lunokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye nogesi. Yingakho uchungechunge lwe-1xxx luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa, noma igridi yamandla, imigqa. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-alloy kulolu chungechunge ziyi-1350, ezisetshenziswa zikagesi, kanye ne-1100, zamathileyi okufaka ukudla.
Ama-alloys Akwazi Ukushisa
Amanye ama-alloys aqiniswa ngesisombululo sokwelapha ukushisa bese ecisha, noma ukupholisa ngokushesha. Ukwelapha ukushisa kuthatha insimbi eqinile, ehlanganisiwe bese kuyishisa ifike endaweni ethile. Izakhi ze-alloy, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-solute, zisakazwa ngokulinganayo ne-aluminium iwabeka esixazululweni esiqinile. Insimbi ngokulandelayo iyacinywa, noma ipholiswe ngokushesha, okuqanda ama-athomu e-solute endaweni. Ama-athomu e-solute ngenxa yalokho ahlangana abe imvula esakazwe kahle. Lokhu kwenzeka ekamelweni lokushisa okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwemvelo noma ekusebenzeni kwesithando sokushisa okuphansi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguga okwenziwayo.
2xxx uchungechunge
Ochungechungeni lwe-2xxx, ithusi lisetshenziswa njenge-elementi ye-alloying eyisimiso futhi ingaqiniswa kakhulu ngokuphathwa kokushisa kwesisombululo. Lawa ma-alloys anenhlanganisela enhle yamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina, kodwa awanawo amazinga okumelana nokugqwala komkhathi njengamanye ama-alloys amaningi e-aluminium. Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-alloys ngokuvamile apendwe noma agqoke ukuchayeka okunjalo. Ngokuvamile zigqokwa nge-high-purity alloy noma i-6xxx series alloy ukuze zimelane nokugqwala. I-alloy 2024 mhlawumbe ingxubevange yendiza eyaziwa kakhulu.
6xxx uchungechunge
Uchungechunge lwe-6xxx luyashintshashintsha, luyalawuleka, luyakheka kakhulu, luyashiseka futhi lunamandla aphakeme ahambisana nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Ama-alloys kulolu chungechunge aqukethe i-silicon ne-magnesium ukuze kwakheke i-magnesium silicide ngaphakathi kwe-alloy. Imikhiqizo ye-Extrusion evela ochungechungeni lwe-6xxx iyinketho yokuqala yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezakhiwo nesakhiwo. I-alloy 6061 iyingxubevange esetshenziswa kakhulu kulolu chungechunge futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emalolini nakumafreyimu asolwandle. Ukwengeza, elinye ikesi lefoni lenziwe kusuka ku-6xxx series alloy.
7xxx uchungechunge
I-Zinc iyi-ejenti yokuqala ye-alloying yalolu chungechunge, futhi uma i-magnesium yengezwa ngenani elincane, umphumela uba ingxubevange enamandla ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ephezulu kakhulu. Ezinye izakhi ezifana nethusi ne-chromium zingase zengezwe ngamanani amancane. Ama-alloys aziwa kakhulu yi-7050 kanye ne-7075, asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezindiza.
Ama-alloys Angapheki Ukushisa
Ama-alloys angaphathwa ngokushisa aqiniswa ngokusebenza okubandayo. Ukusebenza okubandayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugingqika noma izindlela zokubumba futhi kuyisenzo “sokusebenza” kwensimbi ukuze iqine. Isibonelo, uma ugingqa i-aluminiyamu iye kumageji amancane, iba namandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza okubandayo kwakha ukugudluka kanye nezikhala esakhiweni, okuthi bese kuvimbela ukunyakaza kwama-athomu ahlobene namanye. Lokhu kwandisa amandla ensimbi. Izakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-magnesium ziqinisa lo mphumela, okuholela emandleni aphezulu nakakhulu.
3xxx uchungechunge
I-Manganese iyingxenye enkulu ye-alloying kulolu chungechunge, ngokuvamile enenani elincane le-magnesium. Nokho, iphesenti elilinganiselwe kuphela le-manganese elingangezwa ngempumelelo ku-aluminium. I-3003 iyingxubevange edumile yezinjongo ezijwayelekile ngoba inamandla amaphakathi nokusebenza kahle futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana nezishintshisi zokushisa nezitsha zokupheka. I-alloy 3004 kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo kusetshenziswa emizimbeni yamathini esiphuzo se-aluminium.
4xxx uchungechunge
Ama-alloys angu-4xxx ochungechunge ahlanganiswa ne-silicon, engangezwa ngenani elanele ukwehlisa indawo yokuncibilika kwe-aluminium, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukubola. Ngenxa yalokhu, uchungechunge lwe-4xxx lukhiqiza izintambo zokushisela ezinhle kakhulu kanye nama-alloys okubhusa lapho kudingeka khona indawo encibilikayo ephansi. I-alloy 4043 ingelinye lama-alloys okugcwalisa asetshenziswa kakhulu ukushisela ama-alloys ochungechunge lwe-6xxx okusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo nezimoto.
5xxx Series
I-Magnesium iyi-ejenti yokuqala ye-alloying ochungechungeni lwe-5xxx futhi ingenye yezinto ezisebenza kahle nezisetshenziswa kabanzi ze-alloying ye-aluminium. Ama-alloys kulolu chungechunge anezici zamandla amaphakathi ukuya kwaphezulu, kanye nokushisela okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala endaweni yasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-alloys e-aluminium-magnesium asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni nasekwakhiweni, amathangi okugcina, imikhumbi yokucindezela kanye nezicelo zasolwandle. Izibonelo zezicelo ezivamile ze-alloy zifaka: 5052 ku-electronics, 5083 kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle, amashidi angama-anodized 5005 wezinhlelo zokusebenza zezakhiwo kanye ne-5182 yenza isiphuzo se-aluminium sivale.
