Eshabhu yokukhiqiza yama-smartphone casings, izikhumba zendiza, nezindonga zamakhethini zokwakha, isibuko sibusheleleziipuleti le-aluminiumingaguqulwa ibe "isikhumba esihlakaniphile" esimelana nezigxivizo zeminwe, ukumelana nokuklwebheka, futhi sishintshe ngisho nombala ngemva kokucubungula okungaqondakali. Lona umlingo wobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwe-aluminium - ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, noma zebhayoloji, "izikhali zempi" ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzayo zakhiwa phezu kwe-aluminium, okuvumela izinsimbi ezijwayelekile ukuthi zikhiphe ubungqabavu obungavamile.
Kungani kudingeka ukwelashwa okungaphezulu?
Nakuba i-aluminium yaziwa ngokuthi “insimbi engagqwali”, izici zayo zemvelo zinamaphutha amathathu amakhulu:
Ukugqwala kujwayeleke kakhulu: Ezindaweni ezinomswakama, i-aluminiyamu ihlangana nomoya-mpilo ukuze yakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-aluminium oxide, kodwa indawo ene-asidi noma ene-alkaline ingalimaza lo mgoqo wemvelo.
Ukumelana nokugqokwa okungalungile: I-aluminium ehlanzekile inobulukhuni be-HV15-20 kuphela (insimbi ine-HV40-60), futhi imihuzuko ijwayele ukwenzeka phakathi nokungqubuzana kwansuku zonke.
Imikhawulo yobuhle: Indawo ye-aluminium engalungiswanga ibuthuntu futhi ayinakho ukucwebezela, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obungaphezulu buhloselwe ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokwenza uqweqwe olusebenzayo lwe-0.1-500 μ m phezu kwe-aluminium, lunikeze izici ezinjengokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqokwa, nokuhlobisa. Ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 zamathani e-aluminium aphathwa ngaphansi komhlaba minyaka yonke, okudala inani lokukhiqiza elingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-300 zamadola aseMelika.
Ukuhlaziywa okugcwele kobuchwepheshe bokwelapha obuphezulu obujwayelekile
I-Anodizing: Umlingo we-Electrolysis udala izikhali '
Isimiso: Gxilisa impahla ye-aluminium ku-electrolyte ye-sulfuric acid futhi ukhiqize ungqimba lwe-alumina ceramic engu-10-200 μ m ngaphezulu ngemva kokufakwa ugesi.
Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zobuchwepheshe
Ukwakha ukwakheka kwekhekheba lezinyosi esikalini esincane esinobulukhuni obufinyelela ku-HV300 (kunyuswe izikhathi eziyi-15)
Ingadaywa ngemibala engaphezu kuka-200 (njenge-gradient blue ye-iPhone).
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti kuze kufike emahoreni angama-2000 (ipuleti le-aluminium evamile amahora angama-500 kuphela).
Icala lesicelo
I-Aerospace: Ukwelashwa kwe-Boeing 787 fuselage isikhumba se-anodized kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga kwe-UV izikhathi ezintathu.
Udonga lwamakhethini okwakha: Iphaneli eyinhlanganisela ye-Alucobond enogqinsi lwefilimu engu-50 μ m, ephila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50.
I-Electroplating: Ukuhlanganiswa kwemingcele ye-Metal Coatings
Isimiso: Ngokufakwa kwe-electrochemical, i-nickel, i-chromium, ithini nezinye izingqimba zensimbi zimbozwa phezu kwe-aluminium.
Ukuphumelela kokusungula:
I-Nanoelectroplating: I-Japan yakha ama-coatings amancane kakhulu anogqinsi oluyi-1 μ m kuphela ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo ye-substrate engasindi.
I-electroplating eyinhlanganisela: Ukwengeza izinhlayiya zedayimane kusixazululo sokucwenga ukwandisa ubulukhuni ku-HV1000.
Ukushintsha indawo yemvelo: Inqubo ye-Cyanide ye-electroplating yamahhala inciphisa ukukhishwa kwensimbi esindayo ngo-90%.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Izingxenye zezimoto: Ithreyi yebhethri ye-Tesla efakwe isendlalelo se-nickel, ekwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-800 ℃.
Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi: Igobolondo le-MacBook elifakwe ungqimba lwethusi, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kuthuthukiswa ngo-40%.
I-Micro arc oxidation (MAO): "isithando somlilo se-athomu" sezingubo zobumba
Isimiso sobuchwepheshe: Ngaphansi kwenkundla kagesi yamandla aphezulu, ukukhishwa kwe-plasma kukhiqizwa phezu kwe-aluminium, kwakha isendlalelo se-ceramic esingu-10-200 μ m.
Izinzuzo zokusebenza:
Ukumelana nokugqoka: Izinga lokuguga liphansi njengo-5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 we-anodizing).
Ukusebenza kwe-insulation: i-voltage yokuwohloka ifika ku-2000V/mm (izikhathi eziyi-10 kuneyensimbi).
I-Biocompatibility: iqinisekiswe ngokwezokwelapha ukuze isetshenziswe ekufakweni kwamalunga okwenziwa.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Frontier:
Imishini yezokwelapha: I-Germany B Braun amathuluzi okuhlinza ambozwe nge-MAO ngaphezulu, ngesilinganiso se-antibacterial esingu-99.9%.
Ukufakwa kwemikhumbi-mkhathi: I-NASA ithuthukise i-Al ₂ O ∝ - TiO ₂ ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwe-ceramic, izinga lokushisa limelana no-2000 ℃.
Ifilimu yokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali: "isihlangu esingabonakali" sokukhiqiza okuluhlaza
Izici zobuchwepheshe: Asikho isidingo sikagesi, khiqiza ifilimu evikelayo ekamelweni lokushisa isisombululo.
Inqubo ejwayelekile:
Ukuguqulwa kweChromate: Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, kodwa i-chromium eyi-hexavalent inomdlavuza (ivinjelwe yi-European Union).
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Phosphate chromate: isixazululo esihlukile samahhala se-chromium nesihambisana nemvelo, sisetshenziswe ngokugcwele kulayini wokukhiqiza wakwa-Ford.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Silane: Ukufaka usawoti wensimbi esikhundleni sama-molecule e-organosilane kunciphisa izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngo-70%.
Inguquko entsha yezobuchwepheshe ephazamisayo
I-Nano coating: ukuvikelwa kokunemba kweleveli yamangqamuzana
I-"biomimetic lotus leaf effect" eyakhiwe yi-Harvard University ine-engeli yokuxhumana engu-160 degree futhi amaconsi amanzi azicime ngokuzenzakalelayo.I-BASF nanoceramic coating evela eJalimane, enogqinsi lwe-200nm, ingamelana nomthelela wesihlabathi kanye netshe.
Ukuzibopha ngokwakho: "ukuzivuselela" kwezinto zokwakha
I-Kansai Coatings e-Japan yenze uhlelo lokuziphilisa oluncane lwe-microcapsule olukhulula ama-agent okulungisa ezindaweni eziklwebhekayo, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwamahora angu-24.
I-Hefei Institute of Materials Science and Technology, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences, ithuthukise i-coating esabela ku-thermal elungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho uchayeka ekushiseni.
Umbala ohlakaniphile oshintsha i-coating: indawo engaphezulu 'engakwazi 'ukucabanga'
Ingilazi ye-Gentex ye-electrochromic evela kwa-Israel, ene-transmittance yokukhanya elungiswa nge-voltage (1% -80%)
Ubuchwepheshe bukayinki kagesi we-Merck obuvela e-Germany bufinyelela ukushintsha okuguquguqukayo kwamaphethini angaphezulu kumapuleti e-aluminium.
I-panorama yohlelo lokusebenza lwemboni
I-Consumer electronics: umbukiso wobuciko obunembayo
Uhlaka lochungechunge lwe-Huawei Mate lusebenzisa i-micro arc oxidation+PVD coating, enogqinsi oluyi-0.6mm kuphela.Uhlaka lwe-Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra lusebenzisa ifilimu yekhabhoni efana nedayimane (i-DLC) enobulukhuni be-HV900.
Izimoto Ezintsha Zamandla: Ukulinganisa Isisindo Esilula Nokuphepha
Ithreyi yebhethri ye-BYD blade yamukela i-anodizing+epoxy resin coating, i-flame retardant grade UL94 V-0
I-BMW iX chassis armor ihlanganiswe ne-ceramicized silane, eyehlisa isisindo ngo-30% futhi imelana nomthelela.
I-Architectural Curtain Wall: Ukuvezwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwe-Urban Aesthetics
Izindonga zangaphandle zeBurj Khalifa eDubai zimbozwe nge-fluorocarbon, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esifinyelela eminyakeni engama-50.
Umqhele wombhoshongo we-Shanghai center Building usebenzisa i-photocatalysis self-cleaning coating ukuze kususwe uthuli ngemva kokugeza imvula.
Amathrendi Nezinselele Zesikhathi esizayo
Uguquko Lokukhiqiza Okuluhlaza
I-ejenti yokuguqula i-Biobased: kusetshenziswa okukhishwe kwezitshalo esikhundleni samakhemikhali endabuko
Ukwelashwa kwe-plasma yokushisa okuphansi: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehliswe ngo-50%, akukho kukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza okuningi
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-superhydrophobic, i-antibacterial, kanye ne-conductive emithathu endaweni eyodwa
I-elekthronikhi enwebekayo: igcina i-conductivity ngisho nesilinganiso sokunwebeka esingu-300%.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile
I-sensor edidiyelwe yokuhlanganisa: Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela isimo sezempilo esibalulekile.
Umbala ophendulayo okhanyayo oshintsha i-coating: ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukujula kombala ngokuya ngamandla e-UV.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-09-2025