I-Afrika ingesinye sezifunda ezinkulu ezikhiqiza i-bauxite. IGuinea, izwe lase-Afrika, lihamba phambili emhlabeni ngokuthumela i-bauxite futhi likleliswe endaweni yesibili ngokukhiqizwa kwe-bauxite. Amanye amazwe ase-Afrika akhiqiza i-bauxite ahlanganisa iGhana, Cameroon, Mozambique, Cote d'Ivoire, njll.
Nakuba i-Afrika inenani elikhulu le-bauxite, lesi sifunda sisantula ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ngenxa yokuphakelwa kukagesi okungavamile, ukuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimanje, isimo sezombusazwe esingazinzile, kanye nokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe. Kunezincibilikisi eziningi ze-aluminium ezisatshalaliswa kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, kodwa eziningi zazo azikwazi ukufinyelela umthamo wazo wangempela wokukhiqiza futhi azivamile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvala, njenge-Bayside Aluminium eNingizimu Afrika kanye ne-Alscon yaseNigeria.
1. HILLSIDE Aluminium (Ningizimu Afrika)
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, i-HILLSIDE Aluminium ibambe iqhaza elikhulu embonini ye-aluminium yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Umshini wokuncibilikisa i-aluminium ose-Richards Bay, esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali, cishe amakhilomitha angu-180 enyakatho yeTheku, ukhiqiza i-aluminium esezingeni eliphezulu emakethe yokuthekelisa.
Ingxenye yensimbi ewuketshezi ihlinzekwa eSizinda Aluminium ukuze isekele ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-aluminium engezansi komfula eNingizimu Afrika, kanti Isizinda Aluminium ihlinzeka.amapuleti e-aluminiumkuya ku-Hulamin, inkampani yasendaweni ekhiqiza imikhiqizo yazo zombili izimakethe zasekhaya nezithumela ngaphandle.
Isincibilikisi sisebenzisa i-alumina ethengwa kwamanye amazwe sisuka e-Worsley Alumina e-Australia ukuze sikhiqize i-aluminium eyinhloko yekhwalithi ephezulu. I-Hillside inamandla okukhiqiza aminyaka yonke angaba amathani ayi-720000, okuyenza ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu we-aluminium oyinhloko eningizimu nenkabazwe.
2. I-MOZAL Aluminium (Mozambique)
IMozambique iyizwe eliseningizimu ye-Afrika, kanti i-MOZAL Aluminium Company ingumqashi omkhulu wezimboni kuleliya lizwe, enegalelo elikhulu emnothweni wakuleli. Imboni ye-aluminium itholakala kuphela kumakhilomitha angama-20 entshonalanga yeMaputo, inhloko-dolobha yaseMozambique.
Lesi sincibilikisi siwutshalomali oluzimele olukhulu kunawo wonke ezweni kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kokuqala okukhulu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, okusiza iMozambique ukuthi yakhe kabusha ngemva kwenkathi yezinxushunxushu.
ISouth32 inamasheya angu-47.10% eMozambique Aluminium Company, iMitsubishi Corporation Metals Holding GmbH inamasheya angu-25%, i-Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited inamasheya angu-24%, kanti uhulumeni waseRepublic of Mozambique unamasheya angu-3.90%.
Umkhiqizo wokuqala wonyaka wesincibilikisi wawungamathani angu-250000, wabe usunwetshwa kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2004. Manje, isingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-aluminium eMozambique futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu ekhiqiza i-aluminium e-Afrika, futhi ikhiqiza cishe amathani angu-580000 ngonyaka. Ibalelwa ku-30% wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezisemthethweni zaseMozambique futhi iphinde isebenzise u-45% kagesi waseMozambique.
I-MOZAL isiqalile futhi ukuhlinzeka ebhizinisini lokuqala laseMozambique le-aluminium, kanti ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni engezansi kuzothuthukisa umnotho wakuleli.
3. I-EGYPTALUM (Egypt)
I-Egyptalum itholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-100 enyakatho yedolobha laseLuxor. I-Egyptian Aluminium Company ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-aluminium e-Egypt futhi ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-aluminium e-Afrika, enamandla okukhiqiza ingqikithi yaminyaka yonke engamathani angu-320000. Idamu i-Aswan linikeze inkampani ugesi odingekayo.
Ngokunaka ngokugcwele ukunakekelwa kwabasebenzi nabaholi, ngokuphishekela izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lekhwalithi nokuhambisana nayo yonke intuthuko embonini ye-aluminium, i-Egyptian Aluminium Company isibe enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke kulo mkhakha. Basebenza ngobuqotho nokuzinikela, beqhuba inkampani ekusimameni nasekuholeni.
NgoJanuwari 25, 2021, u-Hisham Tawfik, uNgqongqoshe Wezinsiza Zomphakathi, umemezele ukuthi uhulumeni waseGibhithe uyafudumala ukuze enze amaphrojekthi esimanje e-Egyptalum, inkampani kazwelonke ye-aluminium esohlwini lwe-EGX njenge-Egypt Aluminium Industry (EGAL).
U-Tawfik uphinde wathi, “Umxhumanisi wephrojekthi u-Bechtel wase-United States kulindeleke ukuthi aqedele ukucwaninga okunokwenzeka kwephrojekthi maphakathi no-2021.
I-Egypt Aluminium Company iyingxenye ye-Metallurgical Industry Holding Company, futhi zombili izinkampani zingaphansi komkhakha wezohwebo womphakathi.
4. I-VALCO (Ghana)
I-VALCO's aluminium smelter eGhana iyipaki yezimboni yokuqala emhlabeni wonke ezweni elisathuthuka. Umthamo wokukhiqiza olinganiselwe we-VALCO ungamathani angu-200000 we-aluminium eyinhloko ngonyaka; Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, inkampani isebenza kuphela i-20% yayo, futhi ukwakha indawo yezinga elinjalo namandla kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kuka-$ 1.2 billion.
I-VALCO yinkampani yezikweletu ezinomkhawulo ephethwe uhulumeni waseGhana futhi iyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile emizamweni kahulumeni yokuthuthukisa i-Integrated Aluminium Industry (IAI). Isebenzisa i-VALCO njengomgogodla wephrojekthi ye-IAI, iGhana ilungiselela ukwengeza inani emalini yayo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-700 zamathani e-bauxite e-Kibi naseNyinahin, nokudala inani elingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-105 zamaRandi kanye namathuba emisebenzi amahle nasimeme acishe abe izigidi ezi-2.3. Ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini lwe-VALCO smelter luqinisekisa ukuthi i-VALCO izoba inqola ye-ajenda yentuthuko yaseGhana kanye nensika yangempela yomkhakha we-aluminium ophelele waseGhana.
I-VALCO njengamanje ingamandla asebenzayo embonini ye-aluminum yaseGhana ezansi nomfula ngokuhlinzekwa kwensimbi kanye nezinzuzo zokuqashwa ezihlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma kwe-VALCO nakho kungahlangabezana nokukhula okulindelekile kwemboni ye-aluminum yaseGhana esezansi nomfula.
5. I-ALUCAM (Cameroon)
I-Alucam yinkampani ekhiqiza i-aluminium ezinze eCameroon. Yakhiwe ngu-P é chiney Ugine. I-smelter itholakala e-Ed é a, inhloko-dolobha yomnyango we-Sanaga Maritime esifundeni esisogwini, amakhilomitha angu-67 ukusuka eDouala.
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-Alucam wonyaka ucishe ube ngu-100000, kodwa ngenxa yokutholakala kwamandla okungavamile, ayikwazanga ukufeza umgomo wokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-11-2025