IYINI I-SEMICONDUCTOR?
Idivayisi ye-semiconductor iyingxenye ye-elekthronikhi esebenzisa ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kodwa enezici eziphakathi kwaleyo yekhondakta, ngokwesibonelo ithusi, naleyo yesivikelo, njengengilazi. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ukuqhutshwa kukagesi esimweni esiqinile ngokungafani nesimo segesi noma ukukhishwa kwe-thermionic ku-vacuum, futhi athathe indawo yamashubhu e-vacuum ezinhlelweni eziningi zesimanje.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwama-semiconductors kuma-chips wesekethe ahlanganisiwe. Imishini yethu yesimanjemanje yekhompyutha, okuhlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi, ingase iqukathe izigidigidi zama-semiconductor amancanyana ahlanganiswe kuma-chips awodwa wonke axhumeke ku-wafer ye-semiconductor eyodwa.
I-conductivity ye-semiconductor ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbalwa, njengokwethula indawo kagesi noma kazibuthe, ngokuyibeka ekukhanyeni noma ekushiseni, noma ngenxa yokuguqulwa komshini kwegridi ye-silicon ye-doped monocrystalline. Nakuba incazelo yobuchwepheshe inemininingwane eminingi, ukukhohliswa kwama-semiconductors yikhona okwenze uguquko lwethu lwamanje lwedijithali lwenzeke.
ISETSHENZISWA KANJANI I-ALUMINIUM KU-SEMICONDUCTOR?
I-Aluminium inezinto eziningi eziyenza ibe ukukhetha okuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kuma-semiconductors nama-microchips. Isibonelo, i-aluminium inokunamathela okuphezulu ku-silicon dioxide, ingxenye enkulu yama-semiconductors (yilapho iSilicon Valley yathola khona igama layo). Izakhiwo zikagesi, okungukuthi inokumelana nogesi okuphansi futhi yenza ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu namabhondi ezintambo, kungenye inzuzo ye-aluminium. Okunye okubalulekile ukuthi kulula ukwakha i-aluminium ezinqubweni ezomile ze-etch, isinyathelo esibalulekile ekwenzeni ama-semiconductors. Nakuba ezinye izinsimbi, njengethusi nesiliva, zinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kanye nokuqina kukagesi, nazo zibiza kakhulu kune-aluminium.
Esinye sezicelo ezivame kakhulu ze-aluminium lapho kwakhiwa ama-semiconductors kusenqubweni yobuchwepheshe be-sputtering. Ukwendlaleka okuncanyana kogqinsi be-nano bezinsimbi ezihlanzeke kakhulu kanye ne-silicon kuma-wafers ama-microprocessor kufezwa ngenqubo yokubeka umhwamuko obonakalayo owaziwa ngokuthi yi-sputtering. Impahla ikhishwa kuthagethi futhi ifakwe kungqimba olungaphansi lwe-silicon ekamelweni le-vacuum eligcwaliswe ngegesi ukusiza ukwenza lula inqubo; ngokuvamile igesi ye-inert njenge-argon.
Amapuleti asekelayo alezi zinhloso enziwe nge-aluminium enezinto zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu zokubekwa, njenge-tantalum, ithusi, i-titanium, i-tungsten noma i-aluminium ehlanzekile engu-99.9999%, ehlanganiswe phezulu. Ukufakwa kukagesi wesithombe noma kwamakhemikhali endaweni eqhutshwayo ye-substrate kudala amaphethini okujikeleza amancane asetshenziswa kumsebenzi wesemiconductor.
I-aluminium alloy evame kakhulu ekucubunguleni i-semiconductor yi-6061. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-alloy, ngokuvamile ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-anodized luzosetshenziswa ebusweni bensimbi, okuzothuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ngenxa yokuthi ziyimishini enemba kanjalo, ukugqwala nezinye izinkinga kufanele ziqashwe ngeso elibukhali. Kutholwe izici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela ekugqwaleni kwemishini ye-semiconductor, ngokwesibonelo ukuyipakisha ngepulasitiki.