Iningi labantu lihlobanisa i-aluminium namathini okuphuza kanye nohlaka lwamafasitela okwakha. Bambalwa abaqaphela ukuthi uhlobo olucwengisiswe kakhulu lwale nsimbi evamile lusenhliziyweni yobuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni. I-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu, enesidingo somhlaba wonke saminyaka yonke samathani angu-300,000 kuya ku-400,000 kuphela, okungaphansi kuka-1% womkhiqizo we-aluminium oyinhloko we-electrolytic, isekela imikhakha ebalulekile kusukela kuma-capacitor e-electrolytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kuya kuma-accelerator ezinhlayiya. Futhi ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithuthukisiwe lapho abakhiqizi basekhaya benza khona impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Incazelo kanye nokuhlolwa kobumsulwa
I-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu ichazwa ngokuthii-aluminium enobumsulwa obuncaneokungu-99.99% (ibanga le-4N), okudlula kakhulu ubumsulwa be-aluminium ehlanzekile yezimboni ejwayelekile yokuhweba engu-1000 series. Kubunjiniyela bezinto zokwakha, ihlukaniswa ngokwezinga lobumsulwa, kanti ibanga ngalinye likhonza imisebenzi ehlukile yezimboni:
- 3N (99.9%): I-aluminium ehlanzekile yezimboni, esetshenziselwa ukwakha okuvamile kanye nezibha zamabhasi kagesi
- 4N (99.99%): I-aluminium ejwayelekile ehlanzekile kakhulu, izinga lokusebenza kwama-foil e-electrolytic capacitor kanye ne-optical coating
- 4N5 (99.995%): I-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu yesigaba esiphakathi, echazwe kuma-capacitor aphezulu kanye ne-feedstock eqondiwe yokuphalaza
- 5N (99.999%): I-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu, i-benchmark yezinhloso ze-semiconductor sputtering kanye ne-integrated circuit interconnects
- 6N (99.9999%): I-aluminium emsulwa yezinga likagesi, egcinelwe ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu kanye namadivayisi e-superconducting
Ngokungafani nama-alloy e-aluminium ajwayelekile, inani le-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu alikho emandleni omshini. Inani layo lonke lezentengiselwano livela ezicini zomzimba ezihlukile ezibangelwa okuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kakhulu kokungcola. Ihlukaniswa ngokuqinile njengezinto ezisebenzayo, hhayi izinto zokwakha.
Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Ukuhlanzwa
I-aluminium ejwayelekile ye-electrolytic idinga ukuhluzwa kwesibili ukuze ifinyelele ubumsulwa be-4N nangaphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe obuthathu bokuhlanza obuphambili embonini bubusa, ngamunye unophahla oluhlukile lobumsulwa kanye namaphrofayili ezindleko:
1. I-electrolysis enezingqimba ezintathu: Ifinyelela ubumsulwa obungu-4N ~ 4N5 ngobuchwepheshe benqubo obuvuthiwe nobuqinisekisiwe, kodwa ithwala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu. Ihlala iyindlela evelele yokukhiqiza i-aluminium yobumsulwa obuphezulu bezinga lezimboni, enezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakathi kuya kweziphezulu.
2. Ukuhlanzwa kokuhlukanisa: Kuhlinzeka ngobumsulwa obungu-4N5~5N ngezindleko zokukhiqiza ezingalawuleki. Sekuyinqubo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza okuhlosiwe kokuphalaza kanye nokudla kwe-foil kagesi, okunikeza ibhalansi eqinile phakathi kokusebenza kanye nomnotho.
3. Ukucwengwa kwendawo: Kufinyelela ubumsulwa obungu-5N~6N, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu elingafinyeleleka kwezentengiselwano, kodwa kunomkhiqizo ophansi kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa cishe kuphela ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nezicelo zobumsulwa obukhulu.
Izakhiwo Zezinto Eziyinhloko
Ukusebenza okumangalisayo kwei-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu ivela ku-izici ezine ezichaza umzimba.
Okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kukagesi kufinyelela emkhawulweni wethiyori. Ngokulandela umthetho kaMatthiessen, ama-athomu okungcola aphazamisa i-lattice yekristalu ye-aluminium futhi adale izikhungo zokuhlakazeka kwama-electron ezivimbela ukugeleza kwamanje. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kusho isakhiwo sekristalu esiphelele kakhudlwana, okuholela ekuqhutshweni kogesi okuphezulu. I-aluminium yebanga le-4N ingafinyelela ku-98% wokuhanjiswa kwethiyori kwe-aluminium emsulwa, okuletha ukushisa okuphansi kokumelana kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu.
Okwesibili, inikeza ukuqhutshwa kokushisa okuvelele. I-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu ifinyelela ukuqhutshwa kokushisa okungu-235 ~ 240 W/(m·K), eduze nesilinganiso esiphezulu sethiyori. Njengoba ukudluliswa kokushisa nakho kungaphansi kokusakazwa kokungcola, ukuthuthukiswa kobumsulwa kunciphisa ngqo ukumelana nokushisa, okwenza izinto zibe zilungele ukuphathwa kokushisa okunamandla aphezulu.
Okwesithathu, ikhombisa ukuqina nokwakheka okuhle kakhulu. Njengoba icishe ingabi nazo izigaba zokuqinisa ezikhona esakhiweni sayo esincane, i-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu inobucwebe obuhle kakhulu obunobude obungaphezu kuka-40%. Inesilinganiso esiphansi sokuqina komsebenzi, okuvumela ukuthi igoqwe ibe ama-foil amancane kakhulu acishe abe ama-micrometer angu-5, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi yobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu.
Okwesine, inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu. I-aluminium emsulwa kakhulu ngokwemvelo yakha ifilimu ye-Al₂O₃ oxide eqinile, efanayo ebusweni bayo. Okuqukethwe okuphansi kokungcola kusho amaphutha ambalwa kule ungqimba lwe-oxide kanye nomehluko omncane wamandla okugqwala kwendawo, okuhumusha ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu ezindaweni zenqubo enamandla.
Izicelo Eziyinhloko Zezimboni
I-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu ikhonza imikhakha emine yezimboni enenani eliphezulu, ngayinye inezidingo eziqinile zezinto zokwakha.
1. I-foil ye-capacitor ye-electrolytic: Lolu uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu kunawo wonke, oluhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium okumsulwa okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-60%. Ludinga ubumsulwa obungu-4N ~ 5N, isakhiwo esincane se-cubic texture kanye nosayizi wezinhlamvu olawulwa kakhulu. Lawa ma-foil asetshenziswa ezimpahleni zikagesi zabathengi, izinhlelo zokulawula ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto zamandla amasha, amayunithi kagesi esiteshi sesisekelo se-5G, ama-converter emvamisa yezimboni kanye nama-inverter e-photovoltaic. Isakhiwo sezinhlamvu ze-cubic esinembile senza kube nokugqwala okufanayo kwama-tunnel pores, okwandisa amandla athile.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kanye ne-elekthronikhi: Amadivayisi e-semiconductor azwela kakhulu ekungcolisweni kwensimbi. I-aluminium engu-5N+ ehlanzekile kakhulu isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza ama-targets ezinqubweni zokufakwa komphunga emzimbeni (i-PVD) zeleya zokuxhumanisa ama-chip, kanye nokungcola kwensimbi ye-alkali okulawulwa ezingeni le-ppb. Iphinde isetshenziswe ezintweni ze-electrode ezihlungini zamagagasi e-acoustic kanye namadivayisi kagesi, kanye nezingxenye zokushisa eziphezulu zokuhambisa ugesi ukuze kufakwe izinto ezithuthukisiwe.
3. Ama-electronics e-vacuum kanye nama-particle accelerator: Inhlanganisela yayo yokuqhuba ugesi okuphezulu, ukuzwela okuphansi kakhulu kumagnetic kanye nesivinini esiphansi sokukhipha igesi ngaphansi kwe-vacuum kwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emakamelweni e-vacuum accelerator e-particle, izakhiwo ze-RF cavity eziqhuba i-superconducting kanye nezingxenye zemishini ye-electron beam.
4. Izingxenye ezibonakalayo: Ngemva kokupholisha ngokunemba,i-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu ifinyelelaUkukhanya okungaphezulu kuka-90% ku-ultraviolet spectrum kanye nokukhanya okungaphezulu kuka-95%. Kusetshenziselwa izibuko zomshini we-lithography we-ultraviolet ejulile, izibonisi zokuzwa ezikude ze-aerospace kanye nezinhlelo ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu.
Izithiyo Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nombono Wemakethe
Ukukhiqiza i-aluminium ehlanzekile kakhulu kuletha izinselele ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Eyokuqala ukulawula ukungcola okukhulu. Ebangeni le-4N, insimbi kumele igcinwe ngaphansi kwama-20 ppm, i-silicon ngaphansi kwama-15 ppm kanye nethusi ngaphansi kwama-10 ppm; ebangeni le-semiconductor le-5N+, izinsimbi ze-alkali ezifana ne-sodium, i-potassium kanye ne-calcium kumele zilawulwe ngaphansi kwama-0.1 ppm, izinga le-ppb njengoba amanani alinganayo ehlisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi ye-semiconductor. Eyesibili ukugcina izindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile kakhulu, kudinga ama-linings esithando ahlanzekile kakhulu kanye nokuncibilika komkhathi we-vacuum noma ovikelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola. Eyesithathu izindleko: i-aluminium ye-4N ibiza ama-aluminium e-electrolytic ajwayelekile ngokuphindwe ka-3-5, ama-grade e-5N abiza izikhathi eziyi-10-20, kanti ibanga le-6N lidlula izikhathi ezingama-50 intengo eyisisekelo, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukwehla kwenani lemishini, isivuno esiphansi kanye nezinyathelo eziningi zokuhlanza.
Uma sibheka phambili, izitayela ezintathu ezinkulu zizobumba imakethe. Izimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye ne-photovoltaics zizoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukukhula okuqinile kwesidingo sebanga le-4N. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza ukuhlukaniswa izothatha indawo kancane kancane yamandla e-electrolysis anezingqimba ezintathu, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusheshisa indawo ye-semiconductor kuzodala isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhlinzekwa kwasekhaya kwe-5N+ sputtering target grade high purity aluminium.
Njengomhlinzeki okhethekile wemikhiqizo ye-aluminium yezimboni okuhlanganisa amashidi, imigoqo, amashubhu kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa ngokunemba, sisekela amakhasimende kuyo yonke imikhakha ye-elekthronikhi, i-semiconductor kanye namandla amasha ngezinto ze-aluminium ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezixazululo zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Ukuze uthole imibuzo mayelana nokucaciswa kwe-aluminium okumsulwa okuphezulu noma ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye ngokwezifiso, xhumana nethimba lethu lokuthengisa lobuchwepheshe ukuthola imininingwane yomkhiqizo enemininingwane kanye nesilinganiso esenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2026